What Are The 3 Common Triple Drip Drugs Used In Tiva For Horses?

The combination of guaifenesin, ketamine and xylazine (“Triple drip”) has been popularized since 1986 [2, 15, 35, 47]. In current equine practice, Triple drip is one of the most commonly used total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) techniques under field conditions.

What drugs are used in TIVA anesthesia?

Propofol, etomidate and ketamine are common intravenous sedative-hypnotic agents for the induction of TIVA. Their highly lipophilic nature allows the rapid onset of anesthesia upon intravenous injection. It also enables penetration through the blood-brain barrier and effective perfusion to the brain.

Which drug is used as an anesthetic for horses?

1 More than 90% of equine veterinarians use ketamine as the primary anesthetic drug for short-term anesthesia, with many incorporating diazepam to augment mus- cle relaxation.

Which is the most commonly used IV Anaesthetic?

Propofol is the most widely used i.v. anesthetic agent for induction. It is highly lipophilic and distributes rapidly into the CNS and other tissues, which accounts for its rapid onset of action.

What is TIVA infusion?

Infusion therapy with fluid and volume replacement solutions
Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is a technique of general anesthesia which uses a combination of agents given via syringe pump exclusively by the intravenous route without the use of inhalation agents (Gas Anesthesia).

What 3 drugs are typically used in a triple drip to maintain and prolong anesthesia?

Triple drip is a combination of xylazine, ketamine and guaifenesin used to maintain anesthesia. Xylazine (500 mg), ketamine (1000 mg or 1 g), in a liter of 5% guaifenesin (50mg/ml), given at 1ml/lb/hr.

What are the top 3 most commonly used local anesthetics?

The commonly used drugs are amides like lignocaine, prilocaine, and bupivacaine.

What are the 3 main problems associated with general anesthesia in the horse?

General Anaesthesia Risks
All anaesthesia procedures have the following potential complications: cardiac arrest, tissue damage, bone fractures, iatrogenic injury.

Which of the following alpha 2 agonists are used in horses for sedation?

Romifidine, detomidine and xylazine are the most commonly used a2adrenoceptor agonists in equine practice (Nannarone et al.

What drug is commonly used in nerve blocks on horses?

Lidocaine HCl (2%) and mepivacaine HCl (2%) are the local anesthetic agents most commonly used to induce regional anesthesia during the lameness examination.

What drug is used for intravenous sedation?

Benzodiazepines. The most common drug used for IV sedation is benzodiazepines. These anti-anxiety sedative drugs have three main effects: reducing anxiety, making patients sleepy, and producing partial or total amnesia. In this class of drugs, Midazolam is used most often for IV sedation dentistry purposes.

What is the most popular anesthetic?

Propofol (Diprivan®) is the most commonly used IV general anesthetic. In lower doses, it induces sleep while allowing a patient to continue breathing on their own. It is often utilized by anesthesiologist for sedation in addition to anxiolytics and analgesics.

What is the fastest acting anesthesia?

Most local anesthetics have a rapid onset when administered parenterally for infiltrative anesthesia, the fastest being lidocaine (0.5-1 minute) followed by prilocaine (1-2 minutes). The average onset of action for the remaining agents is between 3-5 minutes.

Is etomidate used in TIVA?

Due to its pharmakological profile, etomidate is a suitable agent for TIVA.

Why propofol is used in TIVA?

Propofol is one of the most commonly used intravenous anesthetic drugs both for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. Advantages of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol also include reduced nausea and vomiting, reduced atmospheric pollution, and a better wake up profile.

Why is remifentanil used in TIVA?

Remifentanil is an excellent choice for TIVA; it is safe in malignant hyperthermia and reduces the need for higher doses of propofol due to a synergistic interaction between the two drugs⁷.

What are the three anesthetics?

There are three types of anesthesia: general, regional, and local. Sometimes, a patient gets more than one type of anesthesia.

What are the 3 types of anesthesia?

The different types of anesthesia include the following:

• Local Anesthesia. Local anesthesia is an anesthetic agent given to temporarily stop the sense of pain in a particular area of the body.
• Regional Anesthesia.
• General Anesthesia.

What is the most effective sedative?

Benzodiazepines and barbiturates (in combination with an analgesic) are proven to be effective sedative agents.

What are the two most common local anesthetics used in veterinary medicine?

Lidocaine and bupivacaine are the local anesthetics used most commonly in dogs and cats. Lidocaine has a fast onset (10-15 min) and an intermediate duration of action (60-120 min), and is used for short diagnostic and surgical procedures.

What is the most widely used topical anesthetic agent?

Benzocaine isthe most popular and most frequently used topical anesthetic agent in dentistry. 2-5 It is available in 6-20% concentrations; however, the 20% preparations are the most often used. Forms include gel, spray, liquid, ointment, and gel-patch, and benzocaine is marketed in both multi-use and single-unit doses.