What Bacteria Causes Cem In Horses?

CEM is caused by the bacteria T. equigenitalis. It is contracted during sexual contact with an infected horse, typically from stallion to mare. It can also be transmitted via contaminated instruments.

What bacteria causes CEM?

Contagious equine metritis (CEM) is a highly contagious venereal infection of equids caused by Taylorella equigenitalis, a bacterium with fastidious growth requirements. A disease of major international concern, CEM can be the cause of short-term infertility and, very rarely, abortion in mares.

What causes CEM in horses?

Contagious equine metritis (CEM) is a highly communicable venereal disease of horses, caused by the bacterium Taylorella equigenitalis. This disease can spread widely from a single asymptomatic carrier, particularly a stallion.

What is the causative agent of contagious equine metritis?

Contagious equine metritis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacteria Taylorella equigenitalis. It is transmitted by live cover breeding, contaminated equipment, and in semen collected for artificial insemination.

What is CEM in a mare?

Contagious equine metritis (CEM) is a transmissible venereal disease in horses, caused by the bacterium Taylorella equigenitalis . CEM is highly contagious and can have a devastating effect on equine reproduction. This disease only affects horses, however all breeds are susceptible.

What bacteria causes Erysipeloid?

The bacteria that cause erysipeloid are called Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. This type of bacteria may be found in fish, birds, mammals, and shellfish. Erysipeloid usually affects people who work with these animals (such as farmers, butchers, cooks, grocers, fishermen, or veterinarians).

What causes Multi Drug Resistant bacteria?

What causes MDROs? Multidrug-resistant organisms develop when antibiotics are taken longer than necessary or when they are not needed. At first, only a few bacteria may survive treatment with an antibiotic. The more often the antibiotics are used, the more likely it is that resistant bacteria will develop.

What causes polysaccharide storage myopathy in horses?

A genetic mutation in the glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1) gene causes PSSM Type 1 (PSSM1). The mutation causes muscle cells to produce glycogen continually. Since it is an autosomal dominant trait, only one copy of the mutation is needed for a horse to be affected.

Can you reverse equine metabolic syndrome?

The good news is that EMS can be reversed. Due to the complex nature of EMS, there is likely to be weight loss resistance.

What virus causes equine encephalitis?

Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) is an extremely rare but serious and often fatal infection that causes encephalitis or inflammation of the brain. It is spread by the bite of a mosquito infected with EEE virus (EEEV). EEEV can also infect a wide range of animals including mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians.

How do you test for CEM?

What tests are available to diagnose CEM? There are two official validated diagnostic tests for CEM; bacterial culture and the serologic compliment fixation (CF) test. Bacterial culture is the gold standard test to detect the organism from swabs collected from the genitalia of stallions and mares.

How do you treat contagious equine metritis?

CEM can be treated with antibiotics. There are no public health implications. Where owners of affected horses agree to comply with the HBLB code of practice, the affected animal and all contacts will be tested and treated following advice from industry disease experts and the British Equine Veterinary Association.

What is a CEM test in horses?

The laboratory will test for the presence of the CEM organism. If the results are negative, that means your horse is free from infection, but if the results are positive, this means your horse is infected and must be treated, re-tested and cleared. During this time your horse must not be used for breeding.

Can you breed a mare with PSSM?

Thus any time a horse with PSSM1 is bred there is a minimum chance of 50% of an affected foal being born even if the selected mate is completely normal. The risk of producing an affected offspring when breeding a horse with PSSM1 is much higher because it is a dominant disease.

What are the symptoms of equine infectious anemia?

What are the clinical signs? The disease is characterized by recurrent febrile episodes, anemia (low red blood cell count), thrombocytopenia (low blood platelet count), inappetance, depression, rapid loss of weight and edema (fluid swelling) of the lower parts of the body, and sometimes incoordination.

What is the most common cause of infertility in the mare?

Endometritis, a common cause of infertility in mares.

What is the difference between erysipelas and erysipeloid?

Erysipeloid, also known as Rosenbach disease, was so named because it clinically resembles erysipelas, with prominent edema and a well-demarcated border. However, it is less severe and affects mainly the fingers by inoculation via finger microtrauma.

How is erysipeloid transmitted?

Erysipeloid is a rare human disease in the UK. It is acquired by contact with infected animals (particularly pigs), fish or birds. The bacteria enter the body through existing skin wounds such as cuts, scratches, punctures or splinters. The disease does not spread from person to person.

What are the three most common bacteria that cause meningitis?

Several strains of bacteria can cause bacterial meningitis, most commonly:

• Streptococcus pneumoniae. This bacterium is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in infants, young children and adults in the United States.
• Neisseria meningitidis.
• Haemophilus influenzae.
• Listeria monocytogenes.

What are the four most common multidrug-resistant organisms?

These include methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococci species (VRE), carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, and Gram-negative bacteria that produce extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs).

What are the three most common multidrug-resistant organisms?

Common multidrug-resistant organisms are usually bacteria: Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) producing Gram-negative bacteria.