What Is Associated With Horseshoe Kidney?

Patients with horseshoe kidneys are at increased risk for UPJ obstructions, nephrolithiasis, vesicoureteral reflux, urinary tract infections, transitional cell cancers, and malignant renal tumors. Most cases are discovered serendipitously during imaging for unrelated problems, usually with ultrasound. Which complications are associated with horseshoe kidney? Complications associated with horseshoe kidney include Read more…