Which Complications Are Associated With Horseshoe Kidney?

Complications associated with horseshoe kidney include pelviureteric junction obstruction, renal stones, infection, tumors, and trauma. It can also be associated with abnormalities of cardiovascular, central nervous, musculoskeletal and genitourinary systems, as well as chromosomal abnormalities. What is associated with horseshoe kidney? Patients with horseshoe kidneys are at increased risk for Read more…