What Does Seahorse Measure?

Seahorse XF technology measures the flux of oxygen, the oxygen consumption rate [OCR], and the flux of protons, the extracellular acidification rate [ECAR], in the medium immediately surrounding cells in a microplate.

How does Seahorse measure oxygen?

Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) is measured before and after the addition of inhibitors to derive several parameters of mitochondrial respiration. Initially, baseline cellular OCR is measured, from which basal respiration can be derived by subtracting non-mitochondrial respiration.

How does Seahorse measure ATP?

The new Seahorse XF Real-Time ATP rate assay utilizes XF technology to detect mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption Rates (OCR) and glycolytic Extra-Cellular Acidification Rates (ECAR). These data are then transformed to mitoATP and glycoATP production rates using well-validated algorithms.

What is the seahorse machine used for?

Seahorse XF Analyzers measure oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) of live cells in a multi-well plate, interrogating key cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

How do you calculate basal respiration seahorse?

For the first 18 min, total cellular oxygen consumption is measured. Basal respiration can be calculated from this quantity by subtracting non-mitochondrial respiration. Next oligomycin, an inhibitor of adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) respiration, is added and a measurement of this is made over the next 18 min.

What is so special about seahorse?

Due to their unique anatomical shape and lack of scales, many people may not consider seahorses ‘fish’ at first, but they are indeed! Possessing swim bladders to remain buoyant in the water and utilizing gills to breathe, these fish also thrive in a strong suit of sturdy armor-like plates.

How is oxygen measured in water?

Testing dissolved oxygen in water is either measured via chemical analysis such as a titrimetric method, electroanalytical (using galvanic & polarographic probes), optical dissolved oxygen, and colorimetric methods. However, modern techniques mainly use electrochemical probes.

How is ATP content measured?

Extracellular ATP is usually measured by adding luciferase and luciferin to cell cultures or to the cell supernatants. This is a sensitive and selective in vitro assay, but it is highly impractical for in vivo or real-time measurements.

How is ATP energy measured?

ATP is quantified by measuring the light produced through its reaction with the naturally occurring firefly enzyme luciferase using a luminometer. The amount of light produced is directly proportional to the amount of ATP present in the sample. ATP tests can be used to: Control biological treatment reactors.

How is ATP concentration measured?

Another method to measure intracellular ATP levels is to image the ATP concentration in cells using a fluorescence microscope and genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors for ATP. The ATP-imaging method has large advantages over other major methods.

How much does a seahorse analyzer cost?

$25,000.00. With the Agilent Certified Pre-Owned refurbishment process, you can be confident that the Certified Pre-Owned Seahorse XFp Analyzer will provide you the same performance as a new instrument.

How does seahorse gender work?

Males produce the sperm (the smallest gametes) and females produce the eggs (the biggest gametes). But in seahorses, the sperm-producers are also the ones that get pregnant. The female transfers her eggs to the male’s abdominal pouch, made of modified skin.

What is oxygen consumption rate?

The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of cells is an important indicator of normal cellular function. It is used as a parameter to study mitochondrial function as well as a marker of factors triggering the switch from healthy oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells.

What parameter does the Seahorse measure to monitor glycolytic activity?

To measure glycolytic rates, Seahorse XF Glycolytic Rate Assay utilizes both ECAR and OCR measurements to determine the glycolytic proton efflux rate (glycoPER) of the cells (defined below).

What is basal respiration seahorse?

Basal respiration: Oxygen consumption used to meet cellular ATP demand resulting from mitochondrial proton leak. Shows energetic demand of the cell under baseline conditions.

What is basal respiratory rate?

Basal respiration or basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimal rate of metabolism required to support basic body functions, essential for maintenance only. BMR (in humans) is measured at rest 12 to 14 hours after eating in a physically and mentally relaxed state at thermally neutral room temperature.

What are 3 facts about seahorses?

10 Fun Facts About Seahorses

• Seahorses are a type of fish.
• The smallest seahorse is just 14mm long.
• Male seahorses carry the eggs during reproduction.
• Seahorses like long-term relationships.
• Seahorses are terrible swimmers, but they love to catch a free ride.
• Seahorses don’t have stomachs, but they have big appetites.

Do seahorses have hearts?

Seahorses may look alien but they are actually fish! They use gills, have a two chambered heart, have bony plates along their bodies, and use small fins at the sides of their heads and their backs to swim.

What powers do seahorses have?

Special structures in their skin cells, called chromatophores, give seahorses the ability to change color. Seahorses use camouflage, the ability to blend into their surroundings, when they are escaping from predators and when they are sneaking up on prey of their own.

How is co2 measured in water?

An optical sensor is placed inside, it uses the principle of non-dispersive infrared absorption (NDIR). The CO₂ molecules present in the measurement chamber absorb some of the infrared radiation emitted by the sensor. The radiation attenuation is therefore directly proportional to the amount of CO₂.

Is oxygen higher in water or air?

Oxygen concentrations are much higher in air, which is about 21% oxygen, than in water, which is a tiny fraction of 1 percent oxygen. Where the air and water meet, this tremendous difference in concentration causes oxygen molecules in the air to dissolve into the water.