What Is Large Colon Volvulus In Horses?

Large colon volvulus (LCV) is a painful and rapidly fatal form of colic and in some hospital populations represents between 10 and 20% of horses with colic that undergo exploratory laparotomy. There is a paucity of information on survival following LCV and on risk factors associated with the occurrence of LCV.

What causes large colon volvulus in horses?

On brood mare farms, colonic volvulus most commonly occurs about 90 days after foaling, but the cause of the condition is unknown. Horses with colonic volvulus require surgery to correct the problem and remove ischemic colon if necessary.

What does the large colon do in a horse?

Functions of the colon include absorption of water, electrolytes and short chain fatty acids. The fatty acids are the main source of energy in the horse.

What are the signs of a twisted gut in horses?

The pain often originates from the intestine but it can come from other abdominal organs such as the liver or ovaries. Typical signs are pawing with front legs, kicking up with back legs, turning to look at the flanks, lying down, rolling, and sweating.

Can a horse live with a displaced colon?

Horses with strangulating large colon volvulus have been reported to have a relatively low rate of survival[13]. However, another study reported a survival rate of 83%, which is likely due to early recognition and surgical correction of the strangulating volvulus[11].

Can volvulus go away by itself?

A volvulus needs prompt treatment and usually requires surgery. During surgery to correct a volvulus, a doctor will make a small incision in the abdominal wall near the site of the twisted part of the intestine and untwist it.

Why is volvulus common in horses?

Internal Incarceration Associated with Colic in Horses
Problems develop when a segment of small intestine passes through the mesenteric defect, and the intestine becomes incarcerated. Because the intestine distends with fluid and blood, volvulus of the affected segment frequently occurs.

How do you tell if a horse has a blockage?

Pain is the most common sign of intestinal obstruction in horses. The horse may pace, stretch, kick at its abdomen, and, upon occasion, roll or vocalize. Otherwise, the signs are the same as for colic.

What causes colon impaction in horses?

Impaction colic is caused by obstructions in the bowel, typically in areas where the large intestine changes in direction or diameter. These obstructions may be caused by dry, firm masses of feed, or foreign material such as dirt or sand.

How long does it take for food to pass through a horse’s large intestine?

From the cecum the order is the large colon (10-12 feet long), then the small colon (also 10-12 feet long). Time for passage through the whole hindgut can range from less than 1 day to as many as 3 days.

How do you prevent a twisted gut in horses?

Reduce the risk of large colon torsion by:
Providing regular, quality dental care. Avoiding feeding sugar beet. Minimising the number of horses on a premises, or managing horses in smaller groups. Avoiding sudden changes in the amount of hay or haylage a horse is fed.

How do you treat a twisted gut in a horse?

A twisted intestine requires immediate surgery to reposition the intestine and remove any portion of the intestine that is damaged due to restricted blood flow. In addition, both the small and large intestine can become displaced in the abdominal cavity causing both pain and restricted blood flow.

How do you fix twisted gut?

Surgery is an option to treat volvulus and stop the intestine from twisting again. Types of surgeries for twisted bowel include: Colectomy: This is a surgery that removes all or part of your colon. For a twist in the lower colon, your doctor will take out the affected part of your intestine.

Does a strangulated obstruction in a horse require surgery?

Because the blood supply to the area of strangulated intestine has been cut off, and the tissue is in the process of dieing. While the tissue is compromised, it is releasing toxins into the bloodstream, which further sickens the patient. These cases become critical quickly and surgery is really the only option.

Will my horse survive colic surgery?

Over the past 10 years, short-term survival rates after colic surgery (generally defined as survival to hospital discharge) have been reported to range from 32% to 100%, with an average around 80%.

What causes bowel obstruction horses?

Feed impactions, parasite infections or migrations, abnormal dental conditions, inflammation of the intestines, electrolyte (salt) abnormalities, and changes in diet, daily activities, medications, or sudden stress may play a role in functional obstructions.

What happens if volvulus is left untreated?

If left untreated, volvulus can result in serious health complications, including recurrent volvulus, gangrene, faecal peritonitis, perforation of the bowel, and gangrene.

Can a volvulus be fatal?

If the blood supply is cut off for a prolonged period, some or all of the intestine may die, which can be fatal. Volvulus is therefore an emergency that requires immediate surgical treatment.

Why does a volvulus occur?

Volvulus occurs when the intestine twists around itself and the mesentery that supports it, creating an obstruction. The area of intestine above the obstruction continues to function and fills with food, fluid, and gas.

Is a volvulus painful?

Volvulus occurs when a loop of intestine twists around itself and the mesentery that supplies it, causing a bowel obstruction. Symptoms include abdominal distension, pain, vomiting, constipation, and bloody stools. The onset of symptoms may be insidious or sudden.

How do you treat volvulus?

Doctors treat cecal volvulus with surgery. Most often, doctors will remove the affected part of the cecum and colon. In some cases, doctors may perform surgery to untwist the volvulus and attach the cecum to the wall of the abdomen to hold it in place.