Which Genetic Disease Can Be Traced Back To The Quarter Horse Stallion Impressive?

Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis Disease (HYPP)- is an autosomal dominant disease caused by point mutation in the SCN4A gene that affects 1.5% of Quarter Horses and up to 56% of Halter horses. HYPP is a muscular disease that has been traced back to a Quarter Horse stallion named Impressive.

What disease did Impressive horses have?

HYPP
HYPP is a genetic disease noted by mild to severe episodes of muscle spasms and trembling. HYPP links back to the Quarter Horse sire Impressive. Breeders should refrain from using any HYPP horses for breeding. Lowering diet potassium levels and providing regular exercise can help manage HYPP in affected horses.

What is the Impressive gene in horses?

HYPP is a dominant gene, and as such, all animals with even one copy of the gene, identified as “N/H”, will exhibit some symptoms of the disease. Horses with two copies, identified as “H/H.” will always pass on the condition, and research suggests that H/H horses may have more severe symptoms than N/H horses.

How did Impressive get HYPP?

Impressive was born in 1969, and in short order he passed the dominant HYPP gene on to thousands within his breed, a domino effect of disease rushed along by artificial insemination. The disease stands out because its spread was hastened and, in effect, promoted by breeders.

Which musculoskeletal disease is genetically passed down to descendants of Impressive a famous Quarter Horse stallion?

Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP) is an autosomal codominant form of myotonia in Quarter Horses, American Paint Horses, and Appaloosas that are descendants of the popular Quarter Horse stallion Impressive. HYPP is due to a mutation in the gene encoding the voltage-dependent skeletal muscle sodium channel.

Is HYPP only in Quarter Horses?

This genetic defect has been identified in offspring of the American Quarter Horse sire, Impressive. To date, confirmed cases of HYPP have been restricted to descendants of this horse.

What is impressive syndrome?

It is also known as Impressive syndrome, after an index case in a horse named Impressive. It is an inherited autosomal dominant disorder that affects sodium channels in muscle cells and the ability to regulate potassium levels in the blood.

What Quarter Horse bloodlines carry HYPP?

The bloodline of the stallion Impressive dominated the American Quarter Horse world for many years. Today it is well known as a direct link to a genetic illness called HYPP or hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. This disease causes the muscle cells in a horse to be unable to handle any potassium that they eat.

What special conditions do horses require in order to thrive?

Horses have a few basic needs for survival – water, food, companionship and a place to find shelter. Let’s look at each of these four areas of basic support a bit more in depth, to find ways to optimize them for your horse.

What is the difference between PSSM and HYPP in horses?

Type 1 PSSM is a common cause for tie-up signs in Quarter Horses, Paints, Appaloosas, and warmbloods. PSSM can often be managed with diet and exercise changes but there is no cure or medication used to treat it. HYPP is an inherited muscle disease causing an abnormality in how muscle cells manage electrolytes.

Can you register a horse with HYPP?

Under a rule approved by the AQHA board of directors in March 2004, foals born in 2007 and thereafter who carry two copies of the HYPP gene–known as homozygous positive (H/H)–will be barred from registration.

What do you feed a horse with HYPP?

Bermuda grass, prairie grass, and timothy are suitable forage choices for horses diagnosed with HYPP. Soaking hay might leach some of the potassium from hay and constitutes an added layer of safety.

How do you treat HYPP in horses?

Treatment of HYPP attacks by intravenous application of calcium gluconate, bicarbonate and glucose results in rapid recovery. Consequent dietary management and daily administration of acetazolamide effectively controls the disease.

Which is the most common chromosome abnormality in the horse?

X monosomy
The most common abnormality was X monosomy (63,X). The second most common abnormality was a karyotype indistinguishable by G- or C-banding from that of a male horse (64,XY). Two mares demonstrated structural abnormality of one X chromosome [64,X,del(Xp)] which has not previously been reported in horses.

What was two Eyed Jack known for?

Two Eyed Jack is the all time leading sire of AQHA Champions, having sired 119 Champions. He also sired sixteen AQHA World Show Champions, as well as 242 Performance Register of Merit earners. He also sired three AQHA Supreme Champions. His daughter Vickie Lee Pine was the 1978 AQHA World Show Superhorse.

What are three skeletal disorders or diseases that can affect horses?

Congenital and Inherited Disorders of Bones, Joints, and Muscles…

• Contracted Flexor Tendons.
• Glycogen Storage Disease (Glycogenosis)
• Arthrogryposis (Congenital Joint Rigidity)
• Osteochondrosis (Osteochondritis Dissecans)
• Digit Malformation.
• Angular Limb Deformities.
• Dwarfism.
• Defects of the Spine.

What diseases are Quarter Horses prone to?

• Glycogen Branching Enzyme Deficiency (GBED)
• Hereditary Equine Regional Dermal Asthenia (HERDA)
• Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (HYPP)
• Myosin-Heavy Chain Myopathy (MYHM)
• Malignant Hyperthermia (MH)
• Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy (PSSM1)

How common is PSSM in Quarter Horses?

In today’s horse breeds, Valberg stated that the estimated prevalence of type 1 PSSM in halter-bred Quarter Horses is the highest in that breed (28% affected), with the general Quarter Horse population ranging from 6-10% affected. Racing Quarter Horses seem to have the lowest frequency of type 1 PSSM within the breed.

What is PSSM in Quarter Horses?

PSSM is a disorder that causes muscle cramping in horses from abnormal glycogen (sugar) storage in the muscles. Sore muscles, muscle weakness and cramping are all signs of PSSM. Type 1 PSSM is caused by a mutation in the GYS1 gene.

Why is Williams syndrome called the Happy syndrome?

Williams syndrome is a genetic disorder resulting in a variety of medical and developmental features, one of which is a frequent outward presentation of substantial happiness.

How much potassium can a HYPP horse have?

Research studies suggest HYPP horses should be fed with no more than 1.5% potassium of the total diet and individual meals should not exceed 33 grams of potassium. This can be quite difficult as most hays are higher in potassium than most commercial feeds and cereal grains.